Is the removal of Office via impeachment indefinite?

So I was thinking about the Johnson impeachment, which, for those of you who don't know, is where Congress simply didn't agree with President Johnson and went through impeachment trials without any evidence of actual crimes (more of complaints than anything). However, there were enough people in Congress with morals to vote against it. Yet if there were no people with morals in that Congress, the president would have been impeached and removed from office. So if that were to happen, could he do anything to get his position back considering that he had done nothing illegal? In other words, is there any check on these preceedings (Checks and balances system, anyone?)? Could the ex-president sue Congress and restore power through the supreme court? Or would the supreme court simply be able to bring criminal charges against congress, but not restore presidential power (as the constitution states that only the legislative branch takes part in the process of impeachment)?

Johnson was impeached. So was William Jefferson Clinton. But, in both cases, the Senate voted not to order the removal from office of either of these two men. But, the impeachment stands. An impeachment are merely articles which lay out what high crime and/or misdemeanor the President has committed, which have been agreed to by 218 or more members of the House.
The Supreme Court cannot bring criminal charges against anyone. The best they could do is to send a letter of referral to the Justice Department.
If the President or any other Federal official is impeached and then has his removal from office affirmed by a vote in the Senate there is no appeal to that decision. The Constitution sets forth the punishment as removal from office alone. No fine. No forfeiture of blood. No imprisonment.

Nope.

The impeachment stands.

That's why people try to misuse it, there is no remedy if you have the votes